GI Bleeding
GI Bleeding – Complete Overview
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding refers to any bleeding that occurs in the digestive tract, from the esophagus to the rectum. It can range from mild and unnoticed blood loss to life-threatening hemorrhage.
GI bleeding may result from ulcers, inflammation, infections, or other gastrointestinal disorders.
Symptoms of GI Bleeding
Symptoms can vary depending on the location and severity of bleeding:
- Vomiting blood (hematemesis)
- Black or tarry stools (melena)
- Bright red blood in stool (hematochezia)
- Abdominal pain or cramping
- Weakness, dizziness, or fainting
- Rapid heartbeat or low blood pressure (in severe bleeding)
Causes of GI Bleeding
GI bleeding can occur due to various conditions:
- Peptic ulcers in the stomach or duodenum
- Esophageal varices (enlarged veins in the esophagus)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with erosions
- Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis)
- Diverticulosis or diverticulitis
- Polyps or gastrointestinal tumors
- Trauma or injury to the digestive tract
- Certain medications like NSAIDs or blood thinners
Treatment Options for GI Bleeding
Treatment depends on the severity and cause of bleeding. Immediate medical attention is necessary for significant blood loss.
Lifestyle & Home Precautions
- Avoid alcohol and smoking, which can aggravate GI bleeding
- Follow a balanced diet avoiding spicy or irritating foods
- Take medications only as prescribed by your doctor
- Manage underlying conditions like ulcers, GERD, or liver disease
Medical Treatment
- Endoscopic procedures to stop bleeding (banding, cauterization, or clipping)
- Medications such as proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics, or vasoactive drugs
- Blood transfusions in case of severe blood loss
- Surgery if bleeding cannot be controlled by other means
GI bleeding can be life-threatening and requires prompt medical evaluation. Early diagnosis and treatment improve outcomes significantly.
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